global retrofitting-butress wall


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Settlement marker-

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Settlement markers Settlement markers are the instruments installed in the soil backfill .this will help us to monitor the settlement of compacted soil.it consists of square 1*1m steel plate welded to a hollow pipe section.the hollow pipe will run along the height of the section. The settlement is placed on the first layer of compacted soil.usually soil will be compacted in layers in every 300mm depth.the total height of marker depends on the total depth of soil fill. During installation the verticality of pipes are to be checked using plumb off or bubble instrument.the flatness of bottom plate also need to checked Intially the fore sight,back sight and level of the base plate and top of pipe readings were taken.then this will periodically taken as twice or thrice in a week. The readings are periodically noted and the change in the plate and pipe readings are calculated. Settlement marker Checking pipe verticality
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